Clinical epidemiology 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Clinical epidemiology 2 - Assignment Example Breast cancer cells may be hormone-dependent while some can lie dormant in tissues for a very long time, as long as thirty years, after removal of the primary tumor (Lipkus et al, 2001). Some illnesses may act as catalysts in the progression of the disease in the body (Gail & Rimer, 1998). Consequently, this implies that even with earlier detection and treatment, there can be a risk of recurrence during the entire life of the patient. However, with early screening, it is possible to detect these cells before they start causing symptoms (Schonberg   et al, 2014; Siegel et al, 2012). Once the disease symptoms start showing, the tumors are mostly larger and will have likely spread to other parts beyond the breast. In contrast, breast cancer cells found earlier through screening are likely smaller and their presence is still limited to the breasts thus their spread is much easier to curtail, for example, through prophylactic surgery (Freedman, 2010; Nelson,  2012). At the point of detection, it is easier to estimate the prognosis of breast cancer. The size of the tumor and how far it has spread are vital indicators of predicting prognosis and are almost entirely dependent on the time of detection of the cancer (Siegel et al, 2012). Screening enables detection of the disease in early stages and hence it is possible to reverse the spread of the disease. Consequently, screening improves survival rates among breast cancer patients. The proportion of the population affected by breast cancer is a pointer to the importance of screening the at-risk population. According to studies, breast cancer is the most common form of cancer and causes the second highest number of deaths in the US (Smith et al, 2013). Health statistics indicate that out of every 8 women, one will develop a severe form of breast cancer over the course of her lifetime. In 2014 alone, close to quarter million cases of new breast cancer cases were expected to

Recruitment at Jenny's Coffee Shop Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Recruitment at Jenny's Coffee Shop - Assignment Example Human resource department must always ensure that the best kind of employees with creative mind and analytical understanding of issues are hired to the organization. (Gilmore & Williams, 2009) Recruitment Plan and Strategy To get the top talent in the market and to stay ahead of the curve, it is prudent that the recruitment strategy is aligned with the business plan. The plan adopted should always ensure that it takes into consideration qualities needed for the top management, departmental management and the store level. Top Management This strategy will focus its attention on competing coffee shops around. An expertise referral will also be taken into consideration. This plan will be adopted since the managerial team requires someone with very high experience and at least has an experience in working within the Coffee shops. These talents can only be gotten from competing firms. Departmental Management Level I will employ campus recruiting since it is a level whereby we have profess ionals reinforcing departmental decisions. Individuals can also be recruited from other firms not necessarily coffee shops. This brings individuals with very good mind set who knows what should be done to ensure cohesion and success within the departments. Students can also be recruited on internship basis. ... A necessary training is necessary for the team to ensure that they understand and appreciate the quality assurance policies of the coffee shop. Communication Message Jenny's Coffee Shop is one of the shop outlets with branches across United States. We are offering varied line of beverages in our various outlets across. We are currently expanding to other regions. Jenny's Coffee Shop offers services are tailored to meet our customer’s wants. We are glad to offer exciting and challenging positions to various individuals who meet the requirements as listed below. Apart from the academic and professional qualifications as listed, the applicant must possess the following attributes Personal Attributes High level of integrity Honesty Strong analytical skills Must be able to work under minimal supervision Strong communication skills Computer knowledge is a prerequisite (Guest, 2011). Senior Manager He/she will be in charge of daily overall operations within the shop and ensure coordi nation’s within the shop. He/ She must be a holder of a university degree from a recognized institution in any business related field with a bias in management. More than three years experience in a hospitality industry is must Proven past leadership skills Departmental managers They will be in charge of different departments. Must possess a university degree in either business related field, hotel management, accounting and computer science Must possess at least one year experience within the department he/ she is applying. Barista/ Shop Assistant They will be in charge of serving customers and also preparing coffee besides other beverages Basic education is a requirement. An experience in coffee shops is an added advantage. If you are interested in any of the above

International trade operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International trade operations - Essay Example Since 2000 however, although the revenues from exports to EU have increased, its share has decreased with respect to total exports. With respect to the other industries such as cement and manufacturing, the theory is not applied. Therefore, the theory has been able to account for trade patterns with the EU-15 countries until 2000 with respect to the timber industry. The Heckscher – Ohlin theorem explains a country’s production characteristic by taking into account the various factors of labour, land and capital. A country is hypothesized to abundantly produce and export those types of goods that conform to its strengths, being either capital intensive or labour intensive. Moreover, similar to the theory of comparative advantage, the country need not necessarily have a particular resource in abundance; it only needs to be abundant with respect to the other resources. After taking into account, the various features of the country’s economy and resources, the writer applies the theory to the timber industry. Latvia’s high land ratio relative the population is used to explain the high percentage of timber exports as being a land – intensive product. Therefore, it seems to be quite satisfactory. However, when the case of countries such as Sweden and Finland is considered, the theory fails since they have lower population densities than Latvia. Once again, this theory is also not applied to other industries. In addition, both the theories deal with comparative advantage but do not have an account of changing comparative advantage of a nation or the future direction of the economy of a nation with respect to its strengths. 2) While both of the theories are able to explain some of the patterns of trade in a certain time period applied to a single industry, it might be argued that any theory of international trade will be able to do this (Zhang, 2008, p.71). The requirement of a theory is that it must be able to account for a majority of the factors that influence an economy. Its success is therefore determined by its proximity and applicability to practical situations that are very complex rather than explaining simple models. Hence, the theories can be considered as guiding principles upon which more complex theories of international trade are built upon. At the same time, it is not possible for a theory to account for all of the changes over a long period of time and must be constantly updated. The theories have provided a starting point for development of more inclusive models. An important trait of a theory is that it is able to simplify the various factors that it deals with. For this purpose and for academic analysis, complex practical situations are often isolated and studied independently of the other. However, the application of the traditional theories of comparative advantage and that of the Hecksher – Ohlin model has proved that they have been successful only in certain conditions. As economie s around the world and the factors influencing them have become numerous and more complex, a need for a more effective theory(s) that incorporates many of these factors has grown. Therefore, the writer has been ambitious in concluding that the theories have been able to corroborate findings with respect to the Latvian economy and its trade partners. However, the article provides a considerable amount of information that is useful to the Latvian

1) Voter Burnout & 2) Republicans and Democrats Essay

1) Voter Burnout & 2) Republicans and Democrats - Essay Example Voter turnout has great significance because higher turnout gives greater legitimacy to the upcoming government. Even dictatorial regime maneuvers to attain higher turnouts for claiming legitimacy. American democracy, a role model for the world, is suffering from this serious flaw of character. Factors responsible for low turnout are a matter of controversy among political scholars. The problem has the following psychological, cultural, and institutional dimensions, among others. Psychological factors: The voter loses interest in election when his confidence is shaken by leadership going back on the election promises. During elections, when he is given â€Å"the audacity of hope†, promise of â€Å"change† and â€Å"agenda of peace†, he naturally pins great hopes on the next government. At the end of the day when he gets nothing of what he was promised, he develops a mindset that leadership has betrayed him and is not sincere to the nation. Government policies not reflective of his wishes make him lose confidence in the system. Corruption scandals may dishearten him and create a sense that voting is nothing less than wastage of time, especially in the younger generation. Cultural factors: â€Å"U.S is the world’s oldest democracy and a pioneer in extension of the vote to the entire population† (Ladd, p417). Despite this democratic culture and attaining the target of universal suffrage, still there are problems that obstruct higher turnout. In a multicultural and multilingual country like US it is difficult for political parties to engage all sections of population. Negative campaigning and attacks on character of opponents is more common in US than elsewhere which potentially suppress turnout. Strong party affiliation is important to boost up turnout which is non existent in US. Countries where parties have strong roots in public and enjoy public confidence have higher turnout. Confidence in election process and voting are cultural habits

Developing a Database System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Developing a Database System - Essay Example Retailers involved in the sale of PCs are also included for data source. Vendors are another source of data for designing of a database for PC Store. Sales reports kept in manual registers or files are the significant data source for PC Stores database design. Regarding the audience of the inventory management system linked to sales order system include the staff of inventory management, order placement staff, invoicing department, sales management, suppliers, manufacturers, and customers. Requests made by sales department on specific forms are verified by the inventory management staff. Required numbers of items or parts are processed by the order placement staff. Sales’ department collects the customers’ requirements on a specific order forms. Managers manage the day to day activities and analyze the reports and head the meetings to solve the issues. In order to build the inventory management system, information about every product of PCs, customers on every outlet are required to be managed. Customers’ information contains the attributes of name, address, phone number, email, and past transactions. Company can rank its customers on previous purchases of company’s products (Kotler et al., 2009). Product as an entity of database includes information about product name, date of arrival of product, color or model, price, and manufacturer information. It becomes easier to search the information about a product from model, price range, or date. When all data sources have been identified then a developer starts designing the database. Customer, vendor, sales department, suppliers, manufacturers, product, employees; staff and manager are necessary tables. These tables have relations such as customer to sales department, employees to sales department, suppliers to product etc. Some of the constraints like primary key, foreign key and candidate key are also used for tables. After all tables are created, and relations established, then a developer requires

Monetary policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Monetary policy - Essay Example The RBA often determines the official cash rate after deciding on what monetary policy target it intends to attain (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2012a). Such targets may include, increasing economic growth, lowering inflation. RBA uses open market operations to affect the changes of the official cash rate, which in turn trickles down to the financial system in the country. Although RBA changes the official cash rate through open market operations, the actual cash rates are often determined by supply and demand actions among banks. Each bank is free to determine the rate by which it lends to another bank. Changing the official cash rate however, impacts all other interest rates in the market which in turn impacts the supply and demand of money in the economic system (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2012b; Lowe, 1995:1-2). The market rate of interest on the other hand is the rate that financial institutions charge its clients for borrowing money. This interest is often impacted by changes in the official cash rate, whereby increases in cash rate would imply that the banks are borrowing from other banks expensively and hence would also increase the interest rate that they charge their customers for borrowing money. A drop in the official cash rate would make it cheaper for the banks to borrow funds and hence competition among banks would reduce the market interest rate across the Australian Economy (Smales, 2011:52-55). The RBA decreases the cash rate through open market operations in order to ensure that the official cash rate that has been set is as close as possible to the actual cash rate exhibited in the market due to forces of demand and supply. Each financial institution in the country has an Exchange settlement account for which enable banks to settle payments between each and also with the RBA. Where RBA wants to reduce the cash rate, it would buy repurchase agreements (repos) or second-hand common wealth government securities (CGS) from the financial institutio ns in the economy. The RBA pays the banks using their exchange settlement accounts with the RBA which increases the amount that they have access to and can lend out (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2012b; Kuttner and Mosser, 2002: 16). This increases the supply of money in the economy, and due to competition to lend out to borrowers, the cash rate as well as the market interest rates drop. This is as demonstrated in a simple Keynesian model below: As noted in the figure, when the RBA uses the open market mechanism to purchase government securities and repos, the money supply denoted by MS, moves from the original position MS to MS1 showing a rise in money supply. Since the supply money is inelastic relative to interest rates, the MS curve is perfectly inelastic. On the other hand, the demand for money changes with changes in interest rate. Hence as money supply increases in volume due to RBA purchasing repos and CGS, interest rates fall also drop. Answer two Effect of a decrease of inter est rate on: Consumption and Investment expenditures: a fall interest rates increases investment and consumption. As noted above, a fall in interest rates is as a result in an increase in money supply. This makes it possible for businesses and consumers increase their borrowing from banks at a lower rate of interest since it is cheaper to access loans. Hence, there would be an increase in consumption and investment expenditures financed by debt as businesses are able to access funds for capital goods such as equipments, and consumers are also able

MNEs and Globalizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MNEs and Globalizations - Essay Example Global marketing means a fully integrated worldwide strategy based on consistent brand selling. These companies are progressive. The dynamic forces inherent in all progressive companies are logically directed toward growth and expansion. When the opportunities for growth become limited in domestic markets, for whatever reason, there is no place to turn but to foreign areas. Controlling the far-flung global corporation-communicating with distributors and suppliers, operating 24 hours a day in different national environments, servicing local and international reporting needs-is a major business challenge that requires powerful information system responses (Buckley & Ghauri, 1999). Contemporary developments show that MNEs is that part of the process of global management that is concerned with the maintenance of human relationships and ensuring the physical well being of employees so that they give the maximum contribution to efficient working. Back in the industrialized nations, however, there is an increasing sense of social distress as workers see their plants close and jobs shipped out of the country. Also, MNEs support cultural globalization and integration dictating new patterns of consumption and buying. For instance, McDonald's Corporation is one of the best examples of MNE's impact on the global scale. ... Fried chicken is on the menu in many Asian countries. Other offerings include banana fruit pies in Latin America, Kiwiburger (served with beet root sauce) in New Zealand, beer in Germany, McSpaghetti noodles and a sweeter Burger McDo in the Philippines. In some countries, McDonald's changes its food preparation methods to comply with religious customs. This consumption culture creates new forms of control known as 'global colonialism' (Banerjee & Linstead, 2001, p. 683). MNEs created standardized products driving value and customer's taste. For many MNEs, the changing environment combines elements of both new products and HRM policies aimed to improve organizational performance and global position. The process of global HRM, however, is typically much more complex, and interesting, than traditional one. MNEs must deal with a number of key differences in foreign environments as compared to home environments (Black, 1999). The improvement of economic and social well-being is influenced by the simultaneous interaction of political, social, economic, and cultural factors-the level of resource endowment, the extent of industrialization, prevailing cultural norms about family size, and the ability and willingness of governments to make often politically costly development decisions. Also involved is the degree of penetration of rich countries in the economies of poor countries. According to Lodge & Wilson (2006): "MNC involvement is crucial to poverty reduction for two reasons: the reduction of poverty depends on the growth of business, and poverty reduction requires systemic change, and MNCs are the world's most efficient and sustainable engines of change". Meanwhile, a dispersal of productive wealth is